3/25/2021

Fundamental Rights of Indian Constitution | मूल अधिकार | Fundamental rights in hindi

Fundamental Rights of India

Rights and Fundamental Rights of the individual

Status of England

The constitution of England is unwritten. Therefore, there is no such Code of Fundamental Rights in England as there is in the Constitution of America or other written constitution of the world. This does not mean that in England there is no recognition of these basic rights of the person without which democracy becomes meaningless. The basis of individual rights in England is negative. In the sense that a person has the right and freedom to do whatever he wants as long as he does not violate any of the rules of the common law of the country. The liberty of the individual is ensured by judicial decision. In this judicial decision, the rights of the individual are based on the case before the court.

Fundamental Rights of Indian Constitution
मूल अधिकार 

In England and elsewhere there is a judiciary guarding the rights of the individual. But there is a fundamental difference. In England, the court has full power to protect the person against the tyranny of the executive, but the courts become powerless when the legislature invades the rights of the person. In short, there is no fundamental right binding against the Legislature of England. The Parliament of England is theoretically omnipotent. There is no method that he cannot change. As has been said before, the person has the right but they are based on the common law of the country which the Parliament can change like other laws. Therefore, there is no such authority which Parliament can change like other laws. Therefore there is no such right which can be called a fundamental right in the real sense. Another important consequence of the supremacy of Parliament is that the Courts of England do not have the power of judicial review of legislation. No law can be declared unconstitutional on the ground that it violates any fundamental right or natural right.

10/30/2020

Source of Indian Constitution

Source of Indian Constitution 

Approximately 75% of the Constitution can be said to be a reproduction of the Rights of India Act, 1935 with appropriate adaptations and amendments. Regulation of Union-State relations was based largely on the law of 1935, the basic structure of politics and provisions, declaration of emergency, etc.


Apart from the indigenous sources, the Constituent Assembly had several drafts of the first foreign constitutions.Both internal and external hymns have been used in the Indian constitution.

(1)Internal source means: - Acts brought in India during the British Session period were used for peace.

Government of India Act 1935

  • Out of 395 articles, 250 articles have been taken from the same governing act.
  • Judiciary
  • Accountant General Controller Testing
  • Public Service Commission

(2)External source means: - Derived from the constitution of different countries.

From the UK :-

  • Signal Head - President (Like Queen)
  • Cabinet system of ministers
  • Prime Minister's post
  • Parliamentary Type of Government
  • Bicameral parliament
  • Lower house is more powerful
  • Council of Ministers of the lower house responsible
  • Speaker in Lok Sabha
  • Single citizenship

From the United States

  • Written constitution
  • The executive head of the state is known as the president and is the supreme commander of the armed forces.
  • The President as the ex-officio President of the Deputy Rajya Sabha
  • Fundamental Rights
  • High court
  • Provision of states
  • Independence of judiciary and judicial review
  • Preface
  • End of Supreme Court and High Court Judges

From the then Soviet Union

  • Fundamental Duties
  • Five yearly plan

From Australia

  • Concurrent list
  • Preface language
  • Provisions regarding trade, commerce and intercourse

From France

  • Equality, Freedom, Fraternity and Republic

From Japan

  • The highest court of law acts.

From the Weimar Constitution of Germany

  • Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency

From South Africa

  • Constitutional amendment process

From Canada

  • Union plan with a strong center
  • Distribution of rights between the Center and the States and keeping the residual rights with the Center.

From Ireland

  • Concept of Directive Principles of State Policy. (Ireland has borrowed from Spain)
  • Law of election of president
  • Nomination of members in Rajya Sabha by President

12/03/2019

Polity Syllabus

POLITY SYLLABUS FOR COMPETITIVE EXAM


  • Framing of the Constitution
  • Sources of Indian Constitution
  • Schedules and Parts of Indian Constitution
  • Chief minister
  • Citizenship
  • Article 370
  • Emergency in India
  • Commissions
  • President
  • Vice President